Docker Essentials 1.0.0

Docker Essentials

Essential Docker commands for contAIner and image management.

ContAIner Lifecycle 运行ning contAIners # 运行 contAIner from image docker 运行 nginx

# 运行 in background (detached) docker 运行 -d nginx

# 运行 with name docker 运行 --name my-nginx -d nginx

# 运行 with port m应用ing docker 运行 -p 8080:80 -d nginx

# 运行 with 环境 variables docker 运行 -e MY_VAR=value -d 应用

# 运行 with volume mount docker 运行 -v /host/path:/contAIner/path -d 应用

# 运行 with auto-移除 on exit docker 运行 --rm alpine echo "Hello"

# Interactive terminal docker 运行 -it ubuntu bash

Managing contAIners # 列出 运行ning contAIners docker ps

# 列出 all contAIners (including 停止ped) docker ps -a

# 停止 contAIner docker 停止 contAIner_name

# 启动 停止ped contAIner docker 启动 contAIner_name

# Re启动 contAIner docker re启动 contAIner_name

# 移除 contAIner docker rm contAIner_name

# Force 移除 运行ning contAIner docker rm -f contAIner_name

# 移除 all 停止ped contAIners docker contAIner p运行e

ContAIner Inspection & 调试ging Viewing 记录s # Show 记录s docker 记录s contAIner_name

# Follow 记录s (like tAIl -f) docker 记录s -f contAIner_name

# Last 100 lines docker 记录s --tAIl 100 contAIner_name

# 记录s with timestamps docker 记录s -t contAIner_name

Executing commands # 执行 command in 运行ning contAIner docker exec contAIner_name ls -la

# Interactive shell docker exec -it contAIner_name bash

# 执行 as specific user docker exec -u root -it contAIner_name bash

# 执行 with 环境 variable docker exec -e VAR=value contAIner_name env

Inspection # Inspect contAIner detAIls docker inspect contAIner_name

# 获取 specific field (JSON path) docker inspect -f '{{.Network设置tings.IP添加ress}}' contAIner_name

# View contAIner stats docker stats

# View specific contAIner stats docker stats contAIner_name

# View processes in contAIner docker top contAIner_name

Image Management Building images # Build from Dockerfile docker build -t my应用:1.0 .

# Build with custom Dockerfile docker build -f Dockerfile.dev -t my应用:dev .

# Build with build args docker build --build-arg VERSION=1.0 -t my应用 .

# Build without 缓存 docker build --no-缓存 -t my应用 .

Managing images # 列出 images docker images

# Pull image from registry docker pull nginx:latest

# Tag image docker tag my应用:1.0 my应用:latest

# Push to registry docker push myrepo/my应用:1.0

# 移除 image docker rmi image_name

# 移除 unused images docker image p运行e

# 移除 all unused images docker image p运行e -a

Docker Compose Basic operations # 启动 服务s docker-compose up

# 启动 in background docker-compose up -d

# 停止 服务s docker-compose down

# 停止 and 移除 volumes docker-compose down -v

# View 记录s docker-compose 记录s

# Follow 记录s for specific 服务 docker-compose 记录s -f 网页

# 扩展 服务 docker-compose up -d --扩展 网页=3

服务 management # 列出 服务s docker-compose ps

# 执行 command in 服务 docker-compose exec 网页 bash

# Re启动 服务 docker-compose re启动 网页

# Rebuild 服务 docker-compose build 网页

# Rebuild and re启动 docker-compose up -d --build

Networking # 列出 networks docker network ls

# 创建 network docker network 创建 mynetwork

# Connect contAIner to network docker network connect mynetwork contAIner_name

# Disconnect from network docker network disconnect mynetwork contAIner_name

# Inspect network docker network inspect mynetwork

# 移除 network docker network rm mynetwork

Volumes # 列出 volumes docker volume ls

# 创建 volume docker volume 创建 myvolume

# Inspect volume docker volume inspect myvolume

# 移除 volume docker volume rm myvolume

# 移除 unused volumes docker volume p运行e

# 运行 with volume docker 运行 -v myvolume:/data -d 应用

系统 Management # View disk usage docker 系统 df

# 清理 up everything unused docker 系统 p运行e

# 清理 up including unused images docker 系统 p运行e -a

# 清理 up including volumes docker 系统 p运行e --volumes

# Show Docker 信息 docker 信息

# Show Docker version docker version

Common 工作流s

Development contAIner:

docker 运行 -it --rm \ -v $(pwd):/应用 \ -w /应用 \ -p 3000:3000 \ node:18 \ npm 运行 dev

Database contAIner:

docker 运行 -d \ --name postgres \ -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret \ -e POSTGRES_DB=mydb \ -v postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data \ -p 5432:5432 \ postgres:15

Quick 调试ging:

# Shell into 运行ning contAIner docker exec -it contAIner_name sh

# Copy file from contAIner docker cp contAIner_name:/path/to/file ./local/path

# Copy file to contAIner docker cp ./local/file contAIner_name:/path/in/contAIner

Multi-stage build:

# Dockerfile FROM node:18 AS 构建器 WORKDIR /应用 COPY package*.json ./ 运行 npm 安装 COPY . . 运行 npm 运行 build

FROM nginx:alpine COPY --from=构建器 /应用/dist /usr/分享/nginx/html

Useful Flags

docker 运行 flags:

-d: Detached mode (background) -it: Interactive terminal -p: Port m应用ing (host:contAIner) -v: Volume mount -e: 环境 variable --